Computational fluid dynamics comparison of impaired breathing function in French bulldogs with nostril stenosis and an examination of the efficacy of rhinoplasty

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs indicates a particular set of upper abnormalities found brachycephalic (e.g., French bulldogs). Stenotic nares is one the primary BOAS-related restricting functional breathing affected dogs. For severe stenosis, rhinoplasty required to increase accessibility external nostril air; however, specific improvement from surgery terms respiratory physiology and uptake inhaled air has not been fully elucidated This study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations evaluate effects different stenotic intensities on airflow patterns total eight bulldog airways. A with stenosis after was included examine efficacy surgical intervention. The results showed homogeneous distributions healthy mild cases significantly accelerated airstreams at constricted positions moderate bulldogs. resistance over 20-fold greater than cases. After surgery, decrease velocity observed region, percentage reduced approximately 4%. suggests impaired function stenosis. also serve as reference for veterinarians planning monitoring bulldogs' recuperation surgery.